Chapman.

Frank Chapman maintained that police brutality was part of policing. At seventy-eight years old, Chapman had joined the Chicago Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression (CAARPR) from prison, and now he ran the organization. To him, the problem with the police was clear: they were part of “the state,” and the state had been and was being used to oppress black communities.

“When the race riots occurred back in 1919, [the police] were leading the mobs, you know. And if race riots occurred today, I would suspect they would still be doing that because it's all about keeping the black person in their place.”

— Frank Chapman, executive director, CAARPR